Spacecraft pack jpl-sc-2026-10-22-ad828f89ee8c: trajectories and mission timelines

Data retrieved 2026-10-22T17:22:39Z to 2026-10-22T21:01:16Z from NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics (SSD):
- Trajectories, coverage and mission notes: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System, https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/
  Please cite Giorgini, J.D., et al. (1996), JPL's On-Line Solar System Data Service, Bulletin of the American
  Astronomical Society 28(3), 1158.
- Dates also read from NASA mission pages: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-1/, https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-2/, https://science.nasa.gov/mission/cassini/

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech, Solar System Dynamics Group, and the missions and navigation teams whose trajectories
Horizons serves:
- Voyager 1 (Horizons -31): NASA/JPL-Caltech; trajectory: JPL: 2022 refit of the 1981-1992 tracking data by R. Jacobson (former Voyager navigation).
- Voyager 2 (Horizons -32): NASA/JPL-Caltech; trajectory: JPL: 2022 refit of the 1989-1992 tracking data by R. Jacobson (former Voyager navigation).
- Pioneer 10 (Horizons -23): NASA Ames Research Center; trajectory: JPL Navigation Team (merged PN10 source files).
- Pioneer 11 (Horizons -24): NASA Ames Research Center; trajectory: JPL Navigation Team (merged PN11 source files).
- New Horizons (Horizons -98): NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Southwest Research Institute; trajectory: New Horizons navigation (KinetX).
- Juno (Horizons -61): NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI; trajectory: JPL navigation team.
- James Webb Space Telescope (Horizons -170): NASA/ESA/CSA; trajectory: NASA Goddard Flight Dynamics Facility (as-flown reconstruction, then prediction).
- Parker Solar Probe (Horizons -96): NASA/Johns Hopkins APL; trajectory: not stated on the Horizons object page.
- Europa Clipper (Horizons -159): NASA/JPL-Caltech; trajectory: JPL navigation.
- JUICE (Horizons -28): ESA; trajectory: ESA.
- Psyche (Horizons -255): NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU; trajectory: JPL navigation.
- Lucy (Horizons -49): NASA/Goddard/SwRI; trajectory: Lucy navigation.
- BepiColombo (Horizons -121): ESA/JAXA; trajectory: ESA.
- OSIRIS-REx (Horizons -64): NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona; trajectory: not stated on the Horizons object page.
- Hera (Horizons -91): ESA; trajectory: ESA.
- Cassini (Horizons -82): NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/ASI; trajectory: Cassini Navigation Team (2018 post-mission reconstruction from 2004).
- Rosetta (Horizons -226): ESA; trajectory: ESA.
- Galileo (Horizons -77): NASA/JPL-Caltech; trajectory: JPL Navigation Team.
- Artemis I (Orion) (Horizons -1023): NASA; trajectory: NASA Johnson Space Center navigation (as flown).
- Artemis II (Orion Integrity) (Horizons -1024): NASA; trajectory: NASA Johnson Space Center navigation (concatenated).

Terms: JPL attaches no open licence to Horizons output. JPL's SSD FAQ (https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/faq.html#a05) says that
publishing information from the SSD site needs permission - at minimum JPL wants to know what is used and how - prefers
links to its live pages for frequently updated numbers, and places most site content under JPL's copyright statement.
OWNER ACTION: notify JPL SSD of this republication before public release. The data were retrieved under the SSD API
fair-use policy (https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/): one request at a time, identified User-Agent, cached results;
the APIs are not embedded in this website.

No endorsement by NASA, JPL, Caltech, ESA, JAXA, CSA, ASI or any mission team is implied.

Changes: Horizons daily, hourly, 5-minute and 1-minute heliocentric vectors merged and thinned to a node subset that
reproduces every fetched vector within the stated tolerance under cubic Hermite interpolation; held-out vectors kept for
verification; flyby times and distances computed from Horizons body-centred vectors; all values otherwise as served.
Details, URLs, SHA-256 digests and caveats: manifest.json and the provenance file. Rebuild with universe/tools/build-spacecraft.py.